Sigiriya and the Cultural Triangle
Sigiriya Rock, the Dambulla cave temple, the royal cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura, and wild elephants.
The Cultural Triangle is the dry, flat heart of northern-central Sri Lanka, between the old royal cities of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Kandy. For more than 1,500 years this was the centre of Sinhalese kingdoms, and five of Sri Lanka’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites are here.
Most visitors stay near Sigiriya or Habarana and explore from there.
What to see
Sigiriya. A rock rising about 180 metres above the forest, with the ruins of a fifth-century palace on top. On the way up you pass painted frescoes, the polished "Mirror Wall" and two giant lion’s paws made of brick and plaster. Go at opening time; by late morning it is hot and busy.
Pidurangala. The rock next door. The climb is shorter but steeper, with a scramble at the end, and the view of Sigiriya at sunrise or sunset is one of the best on the island.
Dambulla cave temple. Five caves filled with Buddha statues and painted ceilings, still an active temple. It is a short climb up to the caves.
Polonnaruwa. The capital of the 11th and 12th centuries. Palaces, temples and the Gal Vihara, four Buddha figures carved into one granite rock face. The ruins spread over several kilometres; renting a bicycle is the nicest way to see them.
Anuradhapura. The first great capital, founded more than 2,000 years ago. Huge white stupas and the sacred Bodhi tree, said to have grown from a cutting of the tree under which the Buddha reached enlightenment. A pilgrimage site, so dress respectfully.
Wild elephants. The national parks of Minneriya, Kaudulla and Eco Park are close by. In the dry season, especially from July to September, hundreds of elephants come to the lakes to feed and drink.
How many days?
Plan two to three nights. With two full days you can see Sigiriya, Dambulla and Polonnaruwa and go on a safari. Add a day for Anuradhapura.
Best time to visit
The Cultural Triangle is in the dry zone and can be visited most of the year. The rainiest months are usually October to December. It is hottest from April to September; start early and rest at midday.
Tips
- Wear clothes that cover your shoulders and knees in temples, and take your shoes off. A pair of socks helps on hot stone.
- Bring water and a hat for Sigiriya. There is little shade on the top.
- Hire a licensed site guide at Polonnaruwa or Anuradhapura; it makes the ruins come alive.
Read more: Sigiriya or Pidurangala? How to choose
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